The autogyro is an aircraft that uses a free and non-motorized rotor to generate lift, combining characteristics of airplanes and helicopters. Often considered the forerunner of the modern helicopter, autogyro played a crucial role in aviation history by introducing innovative concepts into aircraft design. From ELA Aviation we show you the beginnings of the autogyro, from its invention to its development and the contributions of key figures in its evolution.
The early years of autogyros history
The autogyro was invented by the Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva in the 1920s. De la Cierva was motivated by the need to develop an aircraft that could safely fly at low speeds and land in confined spaces, characteristics that were problematic for the aircraft of the time. This search was partly a response to frequent accidents caused by low-speed loss of lift.
In 1923, de la Cierva built its first prototype autogiro, the C.1, which was tested at Getafe, Spain. However, the C.1 was unable to take off due to problems with the rotor design. These early attempts helped de Cierva better understand the technical challenges of rotary flight and refine her approach.
Key innovation: the articulated rotor
The most significant advance of de la Cierva was the introduction of the articulated rotor, which allowed the rotor blades to swing up and down. This innovation solved a critical problem known as “lift asymmetry.”The first of these was the wind-turbine, which occurred when rotor blades generated different forces due to variations in air speed as they rotated. The articulated rotor allowed the blades to adjust automatically, maintaining the aircraft’s stability.
History of autogyro: development and expansion
The first successful autogyro was the C.4, which made its first flight in 1923. This aircraft demonstrated the feasibility of the concept and marked the beginning of a series of improvements and developments in the design of autogyres. The success of the C.4 attracted the attention of the aeronautical community and led de la Cierva to continue to refine its invention.
In 1925, de la Cierva obtained a patent for its articulated rotor design, and began collaborating with aircraft manufacturers in several countries to produce self-rotating aircraft. In 1928, he established himself in the UK and founded the Cierva Autogiro Company, which became an important centre for the development and marketing of autogiros. The popularity of these aircraft grew rapidly in Europe and America, excelling in both civil and military applications.
Military and civilian applications
Autogyros were used in a variety of roles, from aerial observation and photography to mail transport and pilot training. During the Second World War, although they did not play a major role, autogyros were used for observation and rescue missions.
Renaissance in sport and recreational aviation
In recent decades, a significant revival of interest in self-propelled aircraft has emerged, especially within the field of sport and recreational aviation. This resurgence is due in part to advances in technology and design, which have made these aircraft safer, more efficient and more accessible for aviation enthusiasts.
Modern autogyros, also known as gyrocopters, combine the simplicity and stability of original designs with modern innovations, The European Commission has recently published a study on the impact of the EU’s energy policy on the environment. These factors, along with the unique flight experience they offer, have revitalized their popularity among amateur pilots and those looking for a form of recreational flight different from traditional aircraft or ultralight.
In addition, their ability to take off and land at short distances and agile handling make them especially attractive for flight in rural environments or on aeroclub runways. If you want to know more about autogyros, do not hesitate to contact us.